B i b l i o g r a p h y S

	Go to: \| Sag \| Sch \| Se \| Sh \| Si \| Sp \| St \|
	Authors: \| D.B. Saddington \| J.K. St Joseph \| I. Shatzman \| M.P. Speidel \| K. Strobel \|

Sabin, P.

2000.: "The face of Roman battle", Journal of Roman Studies 90 (2000), 1-17

Saddington, D.B.

1961.: "Roman attitudes to the 'externae gentes' of the north", Acta Classica 4 (1961), 90-102
1970.: "The Roman auxilia in Tacitus, Josephus and other early imperial writers", Acta Classica 13 (1970), 89-124
1973.: "Towards the dating of early inscriptions recording Roman auxiliary regiments", in: Akten des VI. Internationalen Kongresses für griechische und lateinische Epigraphik, München 1972 (Vestigia 17) (Munich, 1973), 538-540
1975.: "The development of the Roman auxiliary forces from Augustus to Trajan", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.3 (1975), 176-201
1980.: "British auxiliary regiments: origins and early nomenclature", in: Limeskongress 12 (1980), 1071-1076; "Prefects and lesser officers in the auxilia at the beginning of the Roman empire", Proceedings of the African Classical Associations 15 (1980), 20-58
1983.: "Armed forces in the New Testament", in: New International Dictionary of Biblical Archaeology (Michigan, 1983), 68-69
1985.: "Praefecti Fabrum of the Julio-Claudian period", in: Weber-Dobesch (1985), 529-546
1986.: "The stationing of auxiliary regiments in Germania Superior in the Julio-Claudian period", in: Limeskongress 13 (1986), 779-781
1987.: "St.Ignatius, Leopards, and the Roman army", Journal of Theological Studies 38 (1987), 411-412; "A new Julio-Claudian auxiliary decurion?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 68 (1987), 261-262
1988.: "Two unpublished inscriptions of auxiliaries in Aquileia and the presence of the military there in the early imperial period", Aquileia Nostra 59 (1988), 67-76; "Praefecti classis, orae maritimae and ripae of the Second Triumvirate and the Early Empire", Jahrbuch des römisch-germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 35 (1988), 299-313
1990.: "Praefecti Classis and praefecti castrorum in the Julio-Claudian period", in: Limeskongress 14 (1990), 67-70; "The origin and nature of the German and British fleets", Britannia 21 (1990), 223-232
1991.: "A note on viri militares in the 'Agricola'", in: Ogilvie (1991), 1738-1740; "Tacitus and the Roman army", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.33.5 (1991), 3484-3555; "The parameters of Romanization", in: Limeskongress 15 (1991), 413-418
1994.: "A context for a dedication by five cavalry regiments to a Cornelius Scipio in Rome?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 104 (1994), 73-77
1995.: "Problems in military ranks and military personnel in Josephus", in Le Bohec (1995), 53-55
1996.: "Roman military and administrative personnel in the New Testament", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.26.3 (1996), 2409-2435
1999.: "Roman soldiers, local gods and interpretatio romana in Roman Germany", Acta Classica 42 (1999), 155-169
2000.: "Honouring Tiberius on inscriptions and in Valerius Maximus: a note", Acta Classica 43 (2000), 166-172
2001.: "The Roman naval presence in the East, the Classis Syriaca and the Roman approach to the Euphrates", Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 31 (2001), 581-586
2002.: "The Roman auxilia in the east – different from the west?" in: Limeskongress 18 (2002), 879-882; "An Ala Tungrorum?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 138 (2002), 273-4
2003.: "Paideia, Politeia and Hegemonia: a route of social advancement in the early Roman empire", in Basson-Dominik (2003), 323-339
2004.: "Local witnesses on an early Flavian military diploma", Epigraphica 66 (2004), 75-79
2005.: "Two Notes on Roman Germany", Acta Classica 48 (2005), 195-199; "A Note on the Number of Troops stationed in the Antonia in Jerusalem", The Expository Times 116 (12) (2005), 431; "The Roman Government and the Roman Auxilia", in: Limeskongress 19 (2005), 63-69

Also: | Saddington & Keppie |

Saddington, D.B. & L.J.F. Keppie

1991.: "Addendum", to: Ogilvie (1991), 1731-1738

Saglio, E.

1877.: "Agger", Dictionnaire des Antiquités grecques et romaines 1 (Paris, 1877), 140-142

St Joseph, J.K.S.

1969.: "Air reconnaissance in Britain, 1965–68", Journal of Roman Studies 59 (1969), 104-128
1973.: "Air reconnaissance in Britain, 1969–72", Journal of Roman Studies 63 (1973), 214-246
1976.: "Air reconnaissance of Roman Scotland, 1939–75", Glasgow Archaeological Journal 4 (1976), 1-28
1977.: "Air reconnaissance in Roman Britain, 1973–76", Journal of Roman Studies 67 (1977), 125-161
1978.: "The camp at Durno, Aberdeenshire, and the site of Mons Graupius", Britannia 9 (1978), 271-287

Also: | Richmond & St.Joseph | For continuation of the air reconnaissance series, see Maxwell & Wilson |

Salomons, R.P.

2006.: "Testamentaria" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 156 (2006), 217-241

Sander, E.

1931.: "Die Quellen von IV,1-30 der Epitome des Vegetius", Philologische Wochenschrift 13 (1931), 395-399
1932.: "Die Hauptquellen der Bücher I-III der epitoma rei militaris des Vegetius", Philologus 87 (1932), 369-375
1934.: "Der Verfall der römischen Belagerungskunst", Historische Zeitschrift 149 (1934), 457-476
1963.: "Die Kleidung des römischen Soldaten", Historia 12 (1963), 144-166

Sanders, H.A.

1941.: "The origin of the Third Cyrenaic Legion", American Journal of Philology 62 (1941), 84-87

Sarnowski, T.

1991.: "The headquarters building of the legionary fortress at Novae (Lower Moesia)", in: Limeskongress 15 (1991), 303-307
1993.: "Nova ordinatio im römischen Heer des 3. Jh. und eine neue Primus Pilus-Weihung aus Novae in Niedermoesien" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 95 (1993), 197-203; "Primi Ordines et Centuriones Legionis I Italicae und eine Dedikation an Septimius Severus aus Novae in Niedermoesien" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 95 (1993), 204-219

Scarborough, J.

1968.: "Roman medicine and the legions: a reconsideration", Medical History 12 (1968), 254-261

Also: | Reply by Nutton |

Schäfer, P.

1990.: "Hadrian's policy in Judaea and the Bar Kokhba revolt: a reassessment", in: P.R. Davies & R.T. White (eds.), A Tribute to Geza Vermes (Sheffield, 1990), 281-303

Schallmayer, E.

1991.: "Zur Herkunft und Funktion der Beneficiarier", in: Limeskongress 15 (1991), 400-406

Schambach, O.

1883.: "Einige Bemerkungen über die Geschützverwendung bei den Römern, besonders zur Zeit Caesars", Nachricht von dem Friedrichs-Gymnasium zu Altenburg 618 (1883), 3-19

Scharf, R.

1990.: "Die Kanzleireform des Stilicho und das römische Britannien", Historia 39 (1990), 461-474
1992.: "Germaniciani und Secundani: ein spätrömisches Truppenpaar", Tyche 7 (1992), 197-202
1994.: "Der Iuthungenfeldzug des Aëtius: eine Neuinterpretationen einer christlichen Grabinschrift aus Augsburg", Tyche 9 (1994), 131-145
1995.: "Aufrüstung und Truppenbenennung unter Stilicho: das Beispiel der Atecotti-Truppen", Tyche 10 (1995), 161-178
1997.: "Constantiniaci = Constantiniani? Ein Beitrag zur Textkritik der Notitia Dignitatum am Beispiel der "constantinischen" Truppen", Tyche 12 (1997), 189-212
2001.: "Equites Dalmatae und Cunei Dalmatarum in der Spätantike", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 135 (2001), 185-193

Scheidel, W.

1992.: "Inschriftenstatistik und die Frage des Rekrutierungsalters römischer Soldaten", Chiron 22 (1992), 281-297
2001.: "Roman age structure: evidence and models", Journal of Roman Studies 91 (2001), 1-26

Schepens, G.

1977.: "Historiographical problems in Ephorus", in: Historiographia antiqua: commentationes Lovanienses in honorem W. Peremans septuagenarii editae (Symbolae 6, Leuven, 1977), 95-118

Schiaparelli, L.

1920.: "Vendita di un cavallo", Papiri Greci e Latini 6 (1920), 171-175 (= PSI 6.729)

Schlüter, W.

1999.: "The battle of the Teutoburg forest: archaeological research at Kalkriese near Osnabrück", in: Creighton-Wilson (1999), 125-159

Schmitthenner, W.

1979.: "Rome and India: aspects of universal history during the Principate", Journal of Roman Studies 69 (1979), 90-106

Schneider, R.

1908.: "Griechische Poliorketiker", Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (Philologisch-Historische Klasse) 10.1 (1908), 1-65; "Griechische Poliorketiker II", Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (Philologisch-Historische Klasse) 11.1 (1908), 1-109
1909.: "Nachtrag zum zweiten Poliorketiker", Berliner Philologische Wochenschrift 30 (1909), 955-957
1912.: "Griechische Poliorketiker III", Abhandlungen der königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen (Philologisch-Historische Klasse) 12.5 (1912), 1-87

Schürer, E.

1973.: "Excursus I: The census of Quirinius, Luke 2:1-5", in: G. Vermes & F. Millar (edd.), The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ (175 BC-AD 135) (A new English version) Vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1973), 399-427

Schulten, A.

1914.: "Birrenswark: ein brittannisches Numantia", Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum 17 (1914), 607-617
1933.: "Masada: die Burg des Herodes und die römischen Lager", Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins 56 (1933), 1-185

Schwartz, J.

1989.: "Où a passé la legio XXII Deiotariana?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 76 (1989), 101-102 (with 78 (1989), 246)

Scott, E.

1990.: "In search of Roman Britain: talking about their generation", Antiquity 64 (1990), 953-956

Seager, R.

1996.: "Ammianus and the status of Armenia in the Peace of 363", Chiron 26 (1996), 275-284

Serrati, J.

199?: "The reliability of Ammianus Marcellinus on Siege Warfare", Archaeo ? (199?), ??

Sekunda, N.V.

1994.: "Classical warfare", in: J. Boardman (ed.), Cambridge Ancient History. Plates to Volumes V and VI (Cambridge, 1994), 167-193 (= chapter 8)

Shanks, H.

1979.: "Gamla: the Masada of the north", Biblical Archaeology Review 5 (1979), 12-19

Shatzman, I.

1972.: "The Roman general's authority over booty", Historia 21 (1972), 177-205
1983.: "The beginning of the Roman defensive system in Judaea", American Journal of Ancient History 8 (1983), 130-160
1989.: "Artillery in Judaea from Hasmonean to Roman times", in: French-Lightfoot (1989), 461-484
1995.: "Stone balls from Tel Dor and the artillery of the Hellenistic World", Scripta Classica Israelica 14 (1995), 52-72
1999.: "The integration of Judaea into the Roman Empire", Scripta Classica Israelica 18 (1999), 49-84
2000.: "Res Militares", Scripta Classica Israelica 19 (2000), 181-202

Shaw, B.D.

1983.: "Soldiers and society: the army in Numidia", Opus 2 (1983), 133-159
1984.: "Bandits in the Roman empire", Past & Present 105 (1984), 3-52
1996.: "Seasons of death: aspects of mortality in imperial Rome", Journal of Roman Studies 86 (1996), 100-138

Shean, J.F.

1996.: "Hannibal's mules: the logistical limitations of Hannibal's army and the Battle of Cannae, 216 B.C.", Historia 45 (1996), 159-187

Sheehan, P.

1996.: "The Roman fortress of Babylon in Old Cairo", in: Bailey (1996), 95-97

Sherk, R.K.

1974.: "Roman geographical exploration and military maps", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.1 (1974), 534-562

Shipp, G.P.

1961.: "Ballista", Glotta 39 (1961), 149-152

Shotter, D.C.A.

1975/76.: "Coin evidence and the northern frontier in the second century AD", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 107 (1975/76), 81-91
1994.: "Rome and the Brigantes: early hostilities", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 94 (1994), 21-34
2000.: "The Roman Conquest of the North-West", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 100 (2000), 33-53
2001.: "Petillius Cerialis in Carlisle: a numismatic contribution", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society³ 1 (2001), 21-9
2002.: "Roman Britain and 'The Year of the Four Emperors'", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society³ 2 (2002), 79-86
2003.: "The murder of Flavius Romanus at Ambleside: a possible context", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society³ 3 (2003), 228-31

Sidebotham, S.E.

1986.: "Aelius Gallus and Arabia", Latomus 45 (1986), 590-602

Sievers, S.

1996.: "Armes Celtiques, Germaniques et Romaines: ce que nous apprennent les fouilles d'Alésia", in: M. Reddé (ed.), L'armée romaine en Gaule (Paris, 1996), 67-80
1997.: "Alesia und Osuna: Bemerkungen zur Normierung der spätrepublikanischen Bewaffnung und Ausrüstung", Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 8 (1997), 271-276

Sijpesteijn, P.J.

1979.: "Flavius Josephus and the Praefect of Egypt in 73 AD", Historia 28 (1979), 117-125
1986.: "P. Princeton II 50 and the number of soldiers in Egypt", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 65 (1986), 168
1996.: "Die Legio nona Hispana in Nimwegen", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 111 (1996), 281-282

Silberman, A.

1993.: "Arrien, 'Périple du Pont Euxin': Essai d'interprétation et d'évaluation des données historiques et géographiques", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.34.1 (1993), 276-311

Sim, D.

1998.: "Report on two sections of lorica segmentata found at Vindolanda", Arma 10 (1998), 9-10

Simon, H.-G.

1980.: "Die Reform der Reiterei unter Kaiser Gallien", in: Eck et al. (1980), 435-452

Simpson, St.J.

1996.: "From Tekrit to the Jaghjagh: Sasanian sites, settlement patterns and material culture in northern Mesopotamia", in: Bartl-Hauser (1996), 87-126
2000.: "Mesopotamia in the Sasanian period: settlement patterns, arts and crafts", in: Curtis (2000), 57-66 and 91-93 (plates)

Sinclair, R.K.

1966.: "Diodorus Siculus and fighting in relays", Classical Quarterly 16 (1966), 251-255

Sivan, H.S.

1985.: "An unedited letter of the Emperor Honorius to the Spanish soldiers", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 61 (1985), 273-287
1996.: "Why not marry a barbarian? Marital frontiers in late antiquity. (The example of CTh 3.14.1)", in: Mathisen-Sivan (1996), 136-145

Sivan, R. & G. Solar

1994.: "Excavations in the Jerusalem Citadel, 1980-1988", in: H. Geva (ed.), Ancient Jerusalem Revealed (Jerusalem, 1994), 168-176

Slocum, J.J.

1977.: "Another look at the coins of Hatra", American Numismatic Society Museum Notes 22 (1977), 37-47

Smallwood, E.M.

1987.: "Philo and Josephus as historians of the same events", in: Feldman-Hata (1987), 114-129

Smith, F.W.

1990.: "The fighting unit: an essay in structural military history", L'Antiquité Classique 59 (1990), 149-165

Smith, C.J.

1998.: "Onasander on how to be a general", in: Austin-Harries-Smith (1998), 151-166

Smith, M.

1971.: "Zealots and Sicarii, their origins and relation", Harvard Theological Review 64 (1971), 1-19

Smith, R.E.

1972.: "The army reforms of Septimius Severus", Historia 21 (1972), 481-500
1979.: "Dux, praepositus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 36 (1979), 263-278

Soedel, W. & V. Foley

1979.: "Ancient catapults", Scientific American 240 (1979), 150-160

Sommer, C.S.

1999.: "From conquered territory to Roman province: recent discoveries and debate on the Roman occupation of SW Germany", in: Creighton-Wilson (1999), 160-198

Southern, P.

1990.: "Signals versus illumination on Roman frontiers", Britannia 21 (1990), 233-242

Spaul, J.E.H.

1995.: "Ala I Pannoniorum: one or many?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 105 (1995), 63-73
2000.: "Two problems from Roman Scotland: Genunia and Cohors II Tungrorum c.L.", Transactions of the Dumfriesshire & Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society 74 (2000), 47-54

Speidel, M.A.

1990.: "Ein unbekannter Patronus der Helvetier-Stadt Aventicum: Überlegungen zu CIL XIII 5089", Museum Helveticum 47 (1990), 149-162
1992.: "Roman army pay scales", Journal of Roman Studies 82 (1992), 87-106
1993.: "Miles ex cohorte. Zur Bedeutung der mit ex eingeleiteten Truppenangaben auf Soldateninschriften", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 95 (1993), 190-196
2001.: "Specialisation and promotion in the Roman imperial army", in: De Blois (2001), 50-61

On pay scales: | Alston |

Speidel, M.P.

1982/1983.: "The Roman army in Judaea under the Procurators", Ancient Society 13/14 (1982/1983), 233-240; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 224-232
1983.: "Cash from the emperor: a veteran's gravestone at Elecik in Galatia", American Journal of Philology 104 (1983), 282-286; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 363-368; "The centurions' titles", Epigraphische Studien 13 (1983), 43-61; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 21-39; "Exploratores. Mobile elite units of Roman Germany", Epigraphische Studien 13 (1983), 63-78; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 89-104; "Severiana as a title for army units and the three Legiones Parthicae of Septimius Severus", Proceedings of the African Classical Associations 17 (1983), 118-123
1984.: "The road to Viminacium", Arheoloski Vestnik 35 (1984), 339-341; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 170-172; "Palmyrenian irregulars at Koptos", Bulletin of the American Society of Papyrologists 21 (1984), 221-224; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 82-85; "Catafractarii, clibanarii and the rise of the later Roman mailed cavalry: a gravestone from Claudiopolis in Bithynia", Epigraphica Anatolica 4 (1984), 151-156; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 406-414; "Germani corporis custodes", Germania 62 (1984), 31-45; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 105-119; "Regionarii in Lower Moesia", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 57 (1984), 185-188; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 140-144
1985.: "Valerius Valerianus in charge of Septimius Severus' Mesopotamian campaign", Classical Philology 80 (1985), 321-326; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 218-223; "A veteran of Legio I Parthica from Carian Aphrodisias", Epigraphica Anatolica 5 (1985), 31-35; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 198-203; "The police officer, a hero: an inscribed relief from near Ephesos", Epigraphica Anatolica 5 (1985), 159-160; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 190-191; "A Pannonian Optio Vexillationis buried at Stratonikeia", Epigraphica Anatolica 6 (1985), 75-78; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 67-70; "Domo Hispanus", Gerión 3 (1985), 347-348; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 328-329; "A Marsacus as a horseguard's boy in Rome", Helinium 25 (1985), 254-257; "The Master of the Dragon Standards and the Golden Torc: an inscription from Prusias and Prudentius' Peristephanon", Transactions of the American Philological Association 115 (1985), 283-287; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 390-395; "Furlough in the Roman army", Yale Classical Studies 28 (1985), 283-293; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 330-341
1985/1986.: "A note on the inscription CIL X 1766 from Puteoli: numeri and imperial surnames", Puteoli 9/10 (1985/1986), 79-81; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 86-88
1986.: "Centurions and horsemen of Legio II Traiana", Aegyptus 66 (1986), 163-168; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 233-239; "Maxentius and his equites singulares in the battle at the Milvian Bridge", Classical Antiquity 5 (1986), 253-262; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 279-289; "A Soldier of Cohors II Lucensium at Calchedon", Epigraphica Anatolica 7 (1986), 35-36; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 188-189; "Rangzeichen für Zenturionen und die große Weihinschrift aus dem Mainzer Legionslager", Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 33 (1986), 321-329; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 43-55; "The Caucasus frontier: second century garrisons at Apsarus, Petra and Phasis", in: Limeskongress 13 (1986), 657-660; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 204-208; "Die Helvetier als Reiterkrieger", Museum Helveticum 43 (1986), 127-130; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 165-169
1987.: "Roman troops at Aulutrene: observations on two inscriptions", Epigraphica Anatolica 10 (1987), 97-100; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 192-197; "Spätrömische Legionskohorten in Novae", Germania 65 (1987), 240-242; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 400-402; "The Roman road to Dumata (Jawf in Saudi Arabia) and the frontier strategy of praetensione colligare", Historia 36 (1987), 213-221; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 369-378; "The Later Roman field army and the Guard of the High Empire", Latomus 46 (1987), 375-379; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 379-386; "Horsemen in the Pannonian alae", Saalburg-Jahrbuch 43 (1987), 61-65; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 62-66
1988.: "Outpost duty in the desert: building the fort at Gholaia (Bu Njem, Libya)", Antiquités Africaines 24 (1988), 99-102; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 275-278; "Nubia's Roman garrison", Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II.10.1 (1988), 767-798; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 240-274; "Maxentius' Praetorians", Mélanges de l'École Française de Rome 100 (1988), 183-186; reworked in: Mavors 8, 385-389
1989.: "Hercules with the hellhound from Viminacium", Acta Archaeologia Hungarica 41 (1989), 359-363; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 298-303; "The soldiers' servants", Ancient Society 20 (1989), 239-248; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 342-352; "Work to be done on the organization of the Roman army", Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology, London 26 (1989), 99-106; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 13-20
1990.: "The names of legionary centuriae", Arctos 24 (1990), 135-137; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 40-42; "The army at Aquileia, the Moesiaci legion, and the shield emblems in the Notitia Dignitatum", Saalburg-Jahrbuch 45 (1990), 68-72; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 414-418
1991.: "Swimming the Danube under Hadrian's eyes: a feat of the Emperor's Batavi Horse Guard", Ancient Society 22 (1991), 278-282; "Prior and sequens on inscriptions of the African army: putting to rest the legionary ghost ranks of principalis, sequtor, and sesquiplicarius", Antiquités Africaines 27 (1991), 107-110; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 120-123; "The shrine of the Dii Campestres at Gemellae", Antiquités Africaines 27 (1991), 111-118; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 290-297; "The Pannonian optio: a correction", Epigraphica Anatolica 18 (1991), 78
1992.: "The Roman army in North Africa", Journal of Roman Archaeology 5 (1992), 401-407; "Becoming a centurion in Africa: brave deeds and the support of the troops as promotion criteria", in: Mavors 8, 124-128; "Colleagues as heirs: a centurion of legio IIII Scythica", in: Mavors 8, 129-130; "The weapons keeper, the fisci curator, and the ownership of weapons in the Roman army", in: Mavors 8, 131-136; "The career of a strator and summus curator", in: Mavors 8, 137-139; "Centurions promoted from beneficiarii?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 91 (1992), 229-232
1993.: "A knight from Naples in Rome: the gravestone of Claudius Aurelianus Ptolemaeus", Ancient Society 24 (1993), 99-100; "Mauri equites: the tactics of light cavalry in Mauretania", Antiquités Africaines 29 (1993), 121-126; "The fustis as a soldier's weapon", Antiquités Africaines 29 (1993), 137-149; "Commodus the God-emperor and the army", Journal of Roman Studies 83 (1993), 109-114
1994.: "Legionary horsemen on campaigns", Saalburg-Jahrbuch 47 (1994), 36-39; "The tribunes' choice in the promotion of centurions", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 100 (1994), 469-470; "A guardsman as officer of irregulars", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 103 (1994), 215-216
1995.: "A horse guardsman in the war between Licinius and Constantine", Chiron 25 (1995), 83-87; "Kampanische Kohorte und Legionsreiter: zwei Soldatengrabsteine aus Amastris", in: Frei-Stolba & Speidel (1995), 123-132; "Die Garde des Maximus auf der Theodosiussäule", Istanbuler Mitteilungen 45 (1995), 131-136
1996.: "Sebastian's strike force at Adrianople", Klio 78 (1996), 434-437
1998.: "The slaughter of Gothic hostages after Adrianople", Hermes 126 (1998), 503-506
2000.: "Who fought in the front?" in: Alföldy et al. (2000), 473-482

Speidel, M.P. & D.H. French

1985.: "Bithynian troops in the kingdom of the Bosporus", Epigraphica Anatolica 6 (1985), 97-102; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 173-177

Speidel, M.P. & S. Panciera

1989.: "From the North and Black Sea shores: two new gravestones for boys of the 'equites singulares Augusti'", Chiron 19 (1989), 119-126; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 353-360

Speidel, M.P. & M.F. Pavkovic

1989.: "Legion II Flavia Constantia at Luxor", American Journal of Philology 110 (1989), 151-154; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 396-399

Speidel, M.P. & R. Seider

1988.: "A Latin papyrus with a recruit's request for service in the auxiliary cohorts", Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 74 (1988), 242-244; reprinted in: Mavors 8, 306-309

Speidel, M.P. & T.T. Todua

1988.: "Three inscriptions from Pityus on the Caucasus frontier", Saalburg-Jahrbuch 44 (1988), 56-58

Stadter, P.A.

1978.: "The Ars Tactica of Arrian: tradition and originality", Classical Philology 73 (1978), 117-128

Steer, K.A.

1964.: "John Horsley and the Antonine Wall (Fifth Horsley Memorial Lecture, 1963)", Archaeologia Aeliana₄ 42 (1964), 1-39

Stein, A.

1941.: "The ancient trade route past Hatra and its Roman posts", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1941), 299-316

Stephens, G.R.

1984.: "The metrical inscription from Carvoran, RIB 1791", Archaeologia Aeliana₅ 12 (1984), 149-156
1987.: "G. Julius Marcus", Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 87 (1987), 53-60

Stern, M.

1987.: "Josephus and the Roman empire as reflected in The Jewish War", in: Feldman-Hata (1987), 71-80

Stevens, C.E.

1955.: "Hadrian and Hadrian's Wall", Latomus 14 (1955), 384-403

Stevens, S.T.

1988.: "A legend of the destruction of Carthage", Classical Philology 83 (1988), 39-41

Also: | Ridley | Visona | Warmington |

Stiebel, G.D.

1997.: "'... you were the word of war'. A sling shot testimony from Israel", Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies 8 (1997), 301-307
2003.: "The militaria from Herodium", in: G.C. Bottini, L. Di Segni & L.D. Chrupcala (eds.), One Land – Many Cultures (Archaeological Studies in Honour of S. Loffreda) (Jerusalem, 2003), 215-244
2005.: "Scalping in Roman Palestine — 'minime Romanum sacrum'?" Scripta Classica Israelica 24 (2005), 151-162

Stoll, O.

1998.: "Ordinatus Architectus. Römische Militärarchitekten und ihre Bedeutung für den Technologietransfer", in: L. Schumacher (ed.), Religion–Wirtschaft–Technik. Althistorische Beiträge zur Entstehung neuer kultureller Strukturmuster im historischen Raum Nordafrika/Kleinasien/Syrien (St. Katharinen, 1998), 203-271; reprinted in: Mavors 13, 300-368

Strathmann, D.H.

1927.: "Der Kampf um Beth-Ter", Palästina-Jahrbuch des deutschen evangelischen Institut 23 (1927), 92-123

Strickland, T.J.

1981.: "Third century Chester", in: King-Henig (1981), 415-442

Strobel, K.

1986.: "Der Aufstand des L. Antonius Saturninus und der sogenannte zweite Chattenkrieg Domitians", Tyche 1 (1986), 203-220; "Zu den Vexillationsziegelstempeln von Mirebeau bei Dijon", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 64 (1986), 257-264; "Zur Rekonstruktion der Laufbahn des C. Velius Rufus", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 64 (1986), 265-286
1987.: "Der Chattenkrieg Domitians: Historische und politische Aspekte", Germania 65 (1987), 423-452; "Nochmals zur Datierung der Schlacht am Mons Graupius", Historia 36 (1987), 198-212; "Bemerkungen zur Laufbahn des Ti. Claudius Vitalis", Tyche 2 (1987), 203-209; "Nochmals zu dem neuen Militärdiplomfragment aus Viminacium", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 68 (1987), 277-281; "Anmerkungen zur Truppengeschichte des Donauraumes in der hohen Kaiserzeit II: Die Trajanischen Ziegelstempel aus Buridava-Stolniceni", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 68 (1987), 282-284; "Anmerkungen zur Truppengeschichte des Donauraumes in der hohen Kaiserzeit IV: Zur Truppenliste des oberpannonischen Militärdiploms CIL XVI 64 von 116 n.Chr. mit einem Anhang zur Geschichte der Ala I Ulpia contariorum milliaria c.R.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 70 (1987), 259-270; "Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der Bataverkohorten in der hohen Kaiserzeit", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 70 (1987), 271-292
1988: "Ein neues Zeugnis für die Truppengeschichte der Partherkriege Trajans", Epigraphica Anatolica 12 (1988), 39-42; "Ein weiteres Zeugnis zur Rangordnung im römischen Legionscenturionat der Kaiserzeit", Epigraphica Anatolica 12 (1988), 43-46; "Bemerkungen zum Wechsel zwischen den Legionen XIV Gemina und XXII Primigenia in Mainz und zur Struktur des untergermanischen Heeres in trajanischer Zeit", Germania 66 (1988), 437-453; "Die Legio V Alaudae in Moesien: Eine Phantomtruppe der römischen Militärgeschichte", Historia 37 (1988), 504-508; "Anmerkungen zur Truppengeschichte des Donauraumes in der hohen Kaiserzeit I: Die neuen Ziegelstempel der Legio I Minervia aus dem Lager der Legio I Italica in Novae in Moesia Inferior", Klio 70 (1988), 501-511; "Zur Dislozierung der römischen Legionen in Pannonien zwischen 89 und 118 n.Chr.", Tyche 3 (1988), 193-222; "Zu Fragen der frühen Geschichte der römischen Provinz Arabia und zu einigen Problemen der Legionsdislokation im Osten des Imperium Romanum zu Beginn des 2. Jh. n.Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 71 (1988), 251-280; "Zu den Auszeichnungen der Ala I Flavia Augusta Britannica milliaria c.R. bis torquata ob virtutem", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 73 (1988), 176-180; "Eine revidierte Lesung der Weiheinschrift AE1967,362=1978,651 aus Aquincum", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 75 (1988), 227-231; "Zu Lesung und Deutung einer Grabinschrift aus Stobi und zu den Auswirkungen der Seuche von 166 n.Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 75 (1988), 232-234; "Optio tribunorum legionum quinque: ein Phantomposten der römischen Militärgeschichte", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 75 (1988), 235-236

Sundberg, A.C., Jr.

1977.: "Josephus' Galilee revisited", Explor 3 (1977), 44-54

Swan, V.G.

1997.: "Vexillations and the garrisons of Britannia in the second and early third centuries: a ceramic viewpoint", in: Limeskongress 16 (1997), 289-294
1999.: "Legio XX Valeria Victrix and the Antonine Wall: new perspectives on the history of northern Britain", in: Limeskongress 17 (1999), 539-545; "The Twentieth Legion and the history of the Antonine Wall reconsidered", Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 129 (1999), 399-480

Also: | Swan & Philpott |

Swan, V.G. & R.A. Philpott

2000.: "Legio XX VV and tile production at Tarbock, Merseyside", Britannia 31 (2000), 55-67

Also: | Swan |

Syme, R.

1928.: "Rhine and Danube legions under Domitian", Journal of Roman Studies 18 (1928), 41-55
1929.: "The Argonautica of Valerius Flaccus", The Classical Quarterly 23 (1929), 129-137
1933.: "Some notes on the legions under Augustus", Journal of Roman Studies 23 (1933), 14-33
1959.: "The lower Danube under Trajan", Journal of Roman Studies 49 (1959), 26-33
1988.: "Military geography at Rome", Classical Antiquity 7 (1988), 227-251

Syon, D.

2002.: "Gamla. City of refuge", in: Berlin-Overman (2002), 134-153

Szirmai, K.

1991.: "Barrack-blocks in the praetentura of the legionary fortress in Aquincum (1987-1988)", in: Limeskongress 15 (1991), 259-262

Version: July, 2006

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